Acids

Oil-soluble BHA that targets sebum-associated concerns and supports clear-skin positioning. Often pre-solubilized or used with solvents/solubilizers for uniformity. Active ingredient, exfoliating, and clarifying agent.

Alpha-hydroxy acid used for pH adjustment and gentle resurfacing in cosmetic formulations. Water-soluble liquid acid suitable for gels and emulsions. Exfoliating agent, pH adjuster, and skin conditioning agent.

Small-molecule AHA commonly chosen for peel-style and clarifying formulations. Typically supplied as an aqueous acid for controlled pH systems. Active ingredient, exfoliating, and surface smoothing agent.

Multifunctional chelating/acidulant used to tune pH and improve stability in cosmetic formulations. Easy-to-dose crystalline acid for water phases. pH adjuster, exfoliating, and clarifying agent.

Vitamin C acid form for low-pH antioxidant and brightening positioning. Best used fresh with tight pH and oxygen/light control. Active ingredient, antioxidant, and brightening support agent.